Final answer:
Physical properties are categorized as either extensive properties, which depend on the amount of matter (e.g., mass and volume), or intensive properties, which do not (e.g., density and temperature). Extensive properties are directly proportional to the matter's amount, while intensive properties remain constant regardless of the quantity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Extensive and Intensive Properties
Physical properties of matter are classified into two main categories: extensive properties and intensive properties. Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter present. Examples of this include the mass and volume of a substance. For instance, the mass of a kilogram of gold is different from the mass of a gram of gold and the volume of a gallon of milk is larger than the volume of a cup of milk. These properties are directly proportional to the amount of matter.
On the other hand, intensive properties do not depend on the amount of substance present. The density of a substance is an example of an intensive property; it remains the same regardless of how much of the substance you have. Both a large and a small piece of gold have the same density. Similarly, the temperature remains consistent regardless of the quantity of the substance; a gallon of milk and a cup of milk at room temperature will both have the same temperature.
Therefore, when referring to physical properties that depend on the amount of matter, we're discussing extensive properties. When dividing one extensive property by another, such as mass by volume to determine density, we obtain a ratio that is an intensive property.