Final answer:
Protein synthesis is the cellular process of making proteins, involving transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA is transcribed to mRNA, then in translation, the ribosome synthesizes amino acids into a protein sequence based on the mRNA code.
Step-by-step explanation:
Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins, which includes two main stages: transcription and translation. During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA), which takes place in the nucleus of the cell. The mRNA then exits the nucleus and travels to the ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. Translation involves decoding the mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids that will form proteins.
Translation is a critical step in protein synthesis, as the amino acids are covalently linked together by peptide bonds through dehydration synthesis reactions, a process catalyzed by ribosomes. The accurate assembly of amino acids in the right order is crucial for the folding and function of proteins. Errors in this process can lead to diseases caused by malformed proteins.
The process of protein synthesis involves two main steps: transcription and translation. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where DNA is used as a template to create an RNA molecule. This RNA molecule then travels to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation takes place. During translation, the genetic code in the RNA molecule is read and used to build a protein.