Final answer:
The most refined essential question for a research report among the options is 'Do automobiles affect the environment?' as it allows for in-depth analysis and discussion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The best example of a refined essential question for a research report out of the provided options would be C) Do automobiles affect the environment? This question is broad enough to encourage significant research and analysis but also focused enough to form a strong thesis for an analytical report. It opens up discussion for various subtopics such as environmental impact, technological advancements in the automotive industry, and societal changes due to automobile usage. In contrast, the other selections are either too narrow or too factual, lacking the depth required for a comprehensive research report.