Final answer:
The correct answer to the question is B. Broken windows in the broken windows theory refer to visual indicators of disorder and signal a lack of social control in an area.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the broken windows theory, broken windows refer to visual indicators of disorder on the landscape such as trash, graffiti, and vandalism. These broken windows signal to passers-by that there is a low level of social control and community investment in an area. Criminals interpret the presence of visual disorder as a lack of consequences for their actions. Conversely, in well-kept locations where people actively care for their surroundings, criminals are more likely to perceive that residents actively monitor and enforce social norms.
The Broken Windows Theory posits that visible signs of disorder and neglect in a neighborhood, such as broken windows, trash, graffiti, and vandalism, communicate to residents and passers-by that a low level of social control and community investment exists in that area. According to this theory, these visual cues suggest that antisocial behavior is acceptable, leading to an increase in crime. Conversely, well-maintained areas signal that residents are likely to challenge antisocial behavior, thus deterring potential criminal activities.