Final answer:
The Persian War involved major battles between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, led by King Darius I and Xerxes, against defenders such as Athens and Sparta. Key events include the Battle of Marathon and the Battle of Thermopylae, resulting in a Greek victory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Persian War was a series of conflicts that took place during the years 492-449 BCE between the Greek city-states, including Athens and Sparta, and the Persian Empire during the rules of King Darius I and his successor Xerxes. These wars started after the Ionian cities, which were Greek cities in part of what is now Turkey, rebelled against Persian rule with the support of Athens.
One of the earliest and most significant battles of the Persian War was the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE. King Darius I of Persia aimed to punish Athens for their involvement in the Ionian revolt. The Persians landed at Marathon, vastly outnumbering the Athenians but lacking their motivation. The Athenians, led by generals including the notable Themistocles, swiftly defeated the demoralized Persian forces.
After Darius's death, his son Xerxes continued the effort to conquer Greece. In 480 BCE, the infamous Battle of Thermopylae occurred, where King Leonidas and his Spartan warriors heroically delayed the Persian army. The War was marked by crucial battles, such as the land battle led by Spartans and naval battles led by Athenians, leading to an eventual Greek victory.