Final answer:
The Federalists were advocates for a strong national government and included founding figures like Hamilton and Madison, while Anti-Federalists were proponents of strong state governments and a weaker national government, leading to their push for a Bill of Rights.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Federalists and Anti-Federalists had differing visions for the future of the United States at the time of the Constitution's ratification. Federalists, such as Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, and James Madison, advocated for a strong central government to provide for national defense and economic growth. They wrote the Federalist Papers, explaining the benefits of a strong national government and federal system. Anti-Federalists, on the other hand, favored strong state governments and a weaker national government. They were concerned about the potential for tyranny, leading to their demand for a Bill of Rights to protect individual liberties. Both groups ultimately influenced the shaping of the Republic, with the Federalists achieving immediate success in ratification and the Anti-Federalists' insistence on a Bill of Rights being fulfilled soon after.