Final answer:
Tolman's theory suggests that Javier's learning is being interfered with by elevated frustration, as his repeated failures on quizzes despite effort can diminish his intrinsic motivation and ability to learn.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Tolman's theory on learning and motivation, elevated frustration may be interfering with Javier's learning process. Consistent poor performance despite reviewing his notes and retaking a quiz can lead to heightened frustration, which negatively affects motivation and the ability to learn effectively. Educational psychology suggests that intrinsic motivation is crucial for learning, and this can be fostered through creating a supportive classroom environment, providing reasonable challenges, and allowing students to feel in control of their learning process. However, excessive frustration can undermine intrinsic motivation and lead to feelings of anger and the desire to give up, as seen in Javier's case.