Final answer:
The English Bill of Rights of 1689 is the document that limited royal power, enhanced Parliament's authority, and guaranteed civil liberties and rights to English subjects, influencing democratic principles globally.
Step-by-step explanation:
The document that reduced the powers of England's kings and queens, increased Parliament's powers, and established the people's right to elect the representatives who governed them is the English Bill of Rights of 1689. After the Glorious Revolution, which resulted in the deposition of King James II, the English Bill of Rights came into effect once William and Mary took the throne. This crucial document advanced the development of constitutional monarchy in England.
It asserted various principles, such as necessitating Parliament's approval for raising taxes, establishing regular elections, allowing freedom of speech within Parliament, and setting forth rights for English subjects like trial by jury and habeas corpus. In essence, it not only curtailed royal authority but also enshrined a list of fundamental civil liberties and became a model for later democratic principles, including its influence on the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights.