Final answer:
The Ottoman Empire became rich mainly through Conquest and Trade, with the strategic capture of Constantinople creating a trade monopoly and state-sponsored projects fostering economic growth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Ottoman Empire became one of the richest nations on Earth primarily through Conquest and Trade. The empire continuously expanded since its founding, with conquest bringing in new wealth, territories, and populations. The capture of strategic locations such as Constantinople allowed the Ottomans to create a monopoly over trade routes, which were hugely beneficial for the empire's economy.
Additionally, the state-sponsored projects such as the construction of roads, canals, and mosques further spurred economic development by facilitating trade and enriching the empire. The Ottomans also employed highly trained administrators to manage the economy for the state's benefit, mainly to strengthen the army and enrich the rulers.
In terms of trade, the Ottoman Empire was a vital center for commerce due to its strategic position between Europe and Asia. Important trade routes including those leading to the Middle East and the Silk Road converged within the Ottoman lands, which played a substantial role in the empire's wealth accumulation. In addition to material goods, these trade routes were instrumental in the transfer of ideas, knowledge, and technologies, which further solidified the empire's power.