Final answer:
The situation depicted in the cartoon was brought about by the economic agreements with Western nations signed by Deng Xiaoping.
Step-by-step explanation:
The situation depicted in the cartoon was brought about by the Economic agreements with Western nations signed by Deng Xiaoping. After Mao Zedong's death in 1976, Deng Xiaoping gained power in 1978 and shifted China towards a market economy. The country's economic development, aided by incentives and investments from Western nations, led to a rising standard of living and the emergence of a new middle class in China.