Final answer:
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was the New Deal program that employed many artists and writers during the Great Depression to create public artworks, murals, and sculptures as a form of economic relief.
Step-by-step explanation:
The New Deal program that employed a significant number of artists and writers during the Great Depression was the Works Progress Administration (WPA). The WPA was part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's efforts to provide economic relief to Americans affected by the Great Depression. Starting in 1935 and lasting for eight years, the program was responsible for the construction of various public buildings and also included a section known as the Public Works of Art Project (PWAP), which employed over 10,000 artists who created murals, sculptures, and other artworks that represented American values. The initiative was supported by figures like Eleanor Roosevelt and museum curator Holger Cahill, emphasizing the importance of art and culture even during times of economic hardship.