Final answer:
The word 'foe' in Option 1 has a denotation and a connotation closest to the word 'adversary' as both denote an enemy and have a negative connotation. The remaining options either lack the negative connotation or do not denote an opposing character.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering which of these answer choices does the underlined word have a denotation and a connotation closest to the denotation and the connotation of adversary, let's look at each option:
- Option 1: "Keisha's foe on the student council was Joe, who voted against every suggestion she made."
- Option 2: "The United Nations can serve as an arbiter between nations when they are in disagreement."
- Option 3: "The hurricane was a natural catastrophe on the island, damaging several homes and a hotel."
- Option 4: "Sofía's strongest competitor in the race is Ashley, who logged a very fast time last year."
The word adversary has a denotative meaning of an opponent or enemy, and it often carries a negative connotation in that it represents someone who opposes another in a conflict. Option 1 uses the word foe, which has both a similar denotation and connotation to adversary, indicating an enemy or opponent with a negative aspect. The other options have words (arbiter, catastrophe, and competitor) that either do not match the negative connotation or do not specifically denote an opposing character. Therefore, Option 1 is the answer that closely aligns with the denotation and connotation of the word adversary.