Final answer:
The answer is option B. India was both worse off and better off under British rule, as the British brought modern infrastructure and institutions, but also exploited India's resources and people.
Step-by-step explanation:
India was formally under British rule from 1858 to 1947. During this time, the impact of British rule on India can be seen as both positive and negative. On one hand, India experienced modern infrastructure and institutions brought by the British, such as the construction of roads and railroad networks. However, these developments were often unequal and favored the British, leading to the downfall of India's hand-weaving industry and massive deforestation.
On the other hand, the British exploited India's resources and people, resulting in impoverishment and disruption of traditional practices. Some areas were administered directly by the British, leading to conflicts within Indian society. These divisions included support for or opposition to violent and peaceful resistance against foreign domination.
Therefore, the answer is (C) Both worse off and better off, because the British had both positive and negative impacts on India.