Final answer:
In the summer, forest ecosystems typically have lower atmospheric CO2 levels due to active photosynthesis by leaves. However, in the winter, the absence of leaves leads to decreased photosynthesis and potential increases in CO2 levels. Seasonal changes and climate factors such as drought stress have significant impacts on CO2 dynamics in forest biomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Within a forest ecosystem, the amount of carbon dioxide in the air is expected to change from the summer to the winter. In the summer, leaves are present, and through the process of photosynthesis, trees absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, leading to potentially lower levels of CO2 in the atmosphere during this time. In contrast, winter has a different scenario. When trees lose their leaves, the rate of photosynthesis decreases significantly because the leaves are the primary site where this process occurs. Consequently, with fewer leaves to absorb carbon dioxide, the levels of CO2 in the air may increase. Additionally, deciduous trees, which are dominant in certain forest biomes, have a period of dormancy in the winter during which no photosynthesis occurs, further contributing to higher atmospheric CO2 levels.
Moreover, the climate change process is exacerbated by the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. Higher CO2 emissions without being offset by photosynthesis can lead to increased global temperatures. Therefore, seasons have a direct impact on the carbon cycle within forest ecosystems. Drought stress and changes in precipitation patterns, which are anticipated to increase with climate change, can negatively affect trees especially when stomatal density is high, as trees close their stomata to conserve water, further reducing CO2 uptake and affecting the forest’s ability to act as a carbon sink.