Question

The scientific theories developed by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton resulted in...

Option 1: Renewed commitment to the teachings of the Catholic Church.
Option 2: Support for the Earth-centered theory of the universe.
Option 3: Challenges to the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church.
Option 4: An increased awareness of the writings of Martin Luther.

Answer 1

The theories of Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton challenged the Catholic Church's teachings, leading to the heliocentric view where Earth orbits the Sun. Option 3 is correct.

Step-by-step explanation:

The scientific theories developed by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton led to significant challenges to the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church.

Nicolaus Copernicus introduced the heliocentric cosmology, suggesting that Earth is a planet like any other, orbiting the Sun. Galileo supported this Copernican theory through his telescopic observations and experiments in physics, despite facing opposition and accusations of heresy from the Church. These revolutionary theories were a departure from the long-held geocentric view, which placed Earth at the center of the universe, a belief that was supported by the Catholic Church.

Thus, the correct answer to the student's question is Option 3: Challenges to the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church.