Final answer:
The potential for avoiding conflict between the Whitmans and the Cayuse relied on improved cultural understanding, communication, and honoring treaty agreements. Precedents of encroachment on Native American lands and broken promises by settlers and the government contributed significantly to hostilities, as seen in various historical conflicts with Native tribes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conflict between the Whitmans and the Cayuse might have been avoided with improved cultural understanding and communication, and had treaty agreements been honored by the settlers and the government. Historical records elucidate numerous incidents where Native American lands were encroached upon by white settlers, leading to conflicts. The situation with the Whitmans, who were missionaries in the Oregon Territory, was part of a larger pattern of tensions between Native tribes and incoming settlers who often disregarded Native American autonomy and territory. The Cayuse eventually attacked the Whitmans' mission in what became known as the Whitman Massacre.
The overarching issues leading to these and other conflicts include a lack of respect for treaties—like the Medicine Lodge and Fort Laramie treaties—and a failure to recognize the legitimacy of Native American governance and land rights. For instance, the discovery of gold near native territories often led to increased tension and conflict, as did the government's failure to make annual payments to tribes. Had the treaties been respected and promises kept, it is possible the Whitmans and the Cayuse could have coexisted peacefully.
Additionally, it is important to consider the broader context of U.S. policies during that era, such as those outlined under President Washington's administration and the subsequent actions by the government and military that perpetuated the cycle of dispossession and conflict with Native Americans.