Final answer:
Existentialism emphasizes human freedom and the notion that individuals craft their own essence through personal choices, countering the concept of innate values or preordained destiny, epitomized by the idea that 'existence precedes essence'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The philosophical doctrine of existentialism fundamentally emphasizes human freedom and responsibility. It asserts that humans first exist and then individually shape their own essence through actions and choices. This counters the idea of a preordained human destiny or intrinsic values. Thus, the statement that best applies to existentialism is indeed that it stresses that God is a fiction and there is no preordained human destiny, as it aligns with the existentialist belief in creating one's own values and meaning within the world. Existentialists argue against the view that there are any innate human characteristics, roles, or values, including those associated with gender or social status. They believe that people are born into the world without essence, and it is through living and deciding in the world that they develop their essence, hence 'existence precedes essence'.