Final answer:
The EPA regulates genetically engineered microbes used in natural pesticides, known as biopesticides. These can be naturally occurring substances, microorganisms, or genetically modified plants producing pesticidal substances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates genetically engineered microbes used in natural pesticides. In the context of agriculture, these are often referred to as biopesticides.
Biopesticides include naturally occurring substances that control pests, microorganisms that act as pest control, and plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) which are plants modified with added genetic material to produce pesticidal substances. One of the well-known examples of a microorganism used as a biopesticide is Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which has been genetically engineered into crops such as tobacco and corn to control certain insect populations, significantly reducing the need for traditional synthetic pesticides. The use of these genetically modified crops is still a subject of controversy, especially in Europe, due to concerns about the safety and ecological impacts.
It is important to note that genetically engineered crops have led to a reduction in insecticide use, which can benefit the environment by decreasing the toxic load and potentially lessening the impact on non-target species. However, the safety of GM crops for the environment and their effect on ecosystems continue to be significant discussions in the field.