Final answer:
The 19th-century independence movements in Latin America were driven by factors such as unjust legal and political practices, Enlightenment principles, and social and economic inequality, not by foreign domination from the United States.
Step-by-step explanation:
The 19th-century independence movements in Latin America were influenced by various factors, but foreign domination from the United States was not one of them during that period. Instead, the movements were driven by factors like unjust legal and political practices, the influence of Enlightenment principles, and social and economic inequality. The Enlightenment inspired many across the world, including those in Latin America, to challenge traditional rule and seek independence. Political and economic grievances, such as the lack of representation and the mercantilist systems that benefited the colonial powers at the expense of the colonies, further fueled the desire for autonomy. Additionally, social inequality and exploitation under colonial rule led to dissatisfaction across different social classes, contributing to the push for independence.