Final answer:
The interaction between Muslims, Jews, and Christians in Medieval Europe, especially during the period of convivencia, led to the diffusion of scientific knowledge, advancing fields like astronomy and navigation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The interaction between Muslims, Jews, and Christians living in Europe during the Middle Ages facilitated the diffusion of scientific knowledge. This period is known in history as the convivencia, the coexistence of different faiths in places like the Iberian Peninsula. Muslim caliphs established schools of Islamic jurisprudence and hired scholars to translate important Greek and Latin manuscripts. Additionally, the respect Muslim sovereigns held for Jews and Christians as "people of the book" allowed for a sharing of ideas and knowledge, especially since Jewish and Christian scholars found a place of learning within the caliphate. This sharing of knowledge led to advancements in fields such as astronomy, navigation, and mathematics, which were eventually diffused to broader Europe, contributing greatly to European development, such as aiding sailors like Christopher Columbus in their voyages.