Final answer:
The correct relationship between two philosophical traditions is that Christianity adopted monotheism from Judaism. Additionally, Muslims worship the same God as Jewish people and Christians, reflecting their shared Abrahamic roots. Understanding of monotheism and polytheism can vary, as seen in the interpretations of the Christian Holy Trinity and Hindu godhead.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between two philosophical traditions correctly stated is a. Christianity adopted monotheism from Judaism. This can be understood in the context of historical development of religious beliefs where Christianity emerged from the monotheistic traditions of Judaism. Contrary to one of the false statements, Buddhism did not adopt polytheism from Hinduism; rather, it developed its own spiritual path that is distinct from the polytheistic practices found in Hinduism, though it emerged from the same cultural milieu.
Additionally, c. Muslims worship the same God as Jewish people and Christians is a true statement based on the Islamic belief that they worship the one monotheistic God, known in Arabic as Allah, similar to the monotheistic God of Judaism and Christianity. This reflects the common Abrahamic roots of the three religions.
Furthermore, it's important to recognize that the understanding of monotheism and polytheism can vary among scholars and practitioners. For example, the Christian notion of the Holy Trinity and the multiple manifestations of Hinduism's godhead are sometimes perceived as challenging the strict definition of monotheism, despite believers of these faiths often perceiving their beliefs as monotheistic.
To address another topic mentioned in the question bank, the Delhi Sultanate in India followed the Islamic tradition. Confucianism and Taoism have been primarily practiced in China, and Yang Jian, founder of the Sui Dynasty, was an adherent of Buddhism.