Final answer:
The Supreme Court in Korematsu v. United States ruled that the 14th Amendment allowed for the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII, sacrificing their constitutional rights due to national security concerns. This controversial 1944 decision was later criticized and the conviction of Fred Korematsu, who challenged the internment, was overturned in 1983. The correct answer is option: c) Allowed for the internment of Japanese Americans during wartime.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the Supreme Court case Korematsu v. United States, the Court decided that the 14th Amendment allowed for the internment of Japanese Americans during wartime. The case, decided on December 18, 1944, is now recognized as a controversial decision where the Supreme Court upheld the government's decision to intern all persons of Japanese ancestry, citing national security concerns.
Despite the fact that over two-thirds of the Japanese in America were citizens, this decision meant that their constitutional rights were taken away during World War II. Fred Korematsu, a Japanese American, defied the internment order, leading to his arrest and the subsequent Supreme Court case.
The Court's majority found the exclusion orders lawful under the wartime circumstances but faced later criticism for this precedent of detaining citizens based on ethnicity. Ultimately, the conviction was reversed in 1983 when new evidence proved there were no Japanese American spies, as previously claimed by the government.