Final answer:
Gunpowder technology spread from China to the Islamic world through the Mongols, and further to Europe through interactions with the Islamic world.
Step-by-step explanation:
The adoption and spread of gunpowder technology occurred through various means. Gunpowder was first developed in China, but it spread westward to the Islamic world through the Mongols. The Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, and Mughal Empire, also known as the gunpowder empires, played significant roles in developing and utilizing gunpowder technology. The Ottomans, for example, used firearms and artillery in battles, such as the siege of Constantinople. Gunpowder technology also spread to Europe, where it was introduced by the Mongols and through interactions with the Islamic world.