Final answer:
The development of a racially integrated complex in Black Jack was stopped by white residents through restrictive covenants, mortgage discrimination, real estate practices, and blockbusting. These discriminatory measures made it extremely difficult for African Americans and other ethnic minorities to secure housing outside of congested minority neighborhoods without facing hostility.
Step-by-step explanation:
The white residents of Black Jack employed various forms of institutional discrimination to stop the development of racially integrated housing complexes. Institutional tactics such as restrictive covenants, real estate practices, and mortgage discrimination were prevalent in perpetuating housing segregation after 1948, despite the U.S. Supreme Court finding such covenants unconstitutional. Discriminatory practices made it harder or more expensive for African Americans and other ethnicities to buy or rent in predominantly white neighborhoods. In addition, misinformation tactics like blockbusting were employed to exploit and reinforce residential segregation.
The inability to secure mortgages in certain neighborhoods due to the risky investment perception, along with real estate covenants refusing sales to African Americans, were two key strategies that impeded the development of integrated housing. This discriminatory environment left no other choice for minorities but to settle in congested areas of town or face ostracism and violence if they attempted to move into white neighborhoods.