Final answer:
To increase the mechanical advantage of a lever, the fulcrum should be moved further away from the load, effectively increasing the length of the effort arm and allowing a smaller effort to lift a larger load.
Step-by-step explanation:
To increase the mechanical advantage of a lever, one should move the fulcrum closer to the load. This action changes the length of the lever arms, increasing the mechanical advantage which is defined as the ratio of output force to input force. When the fulcrum is moved closer to the load (mass (d) on the lever), the effort arm increases in length, allowing a smaller effort to lift a larger load.
By applying the force at different points of the lever arm along the length of the lever, one can adjust the mechanical advantage. The further the point where the force is applied from the fulcrum, the greater the mechanical advantage. As per the options provided, the correct answer would be: b. Move the fulcrum further from the mass (d) on the lever to increase the mechanical advantage.