Final answer:
The Roman government included a Monarchy characterized by its kings, followed by a Republic where consuls were elected, and finally an Empire encompassing much greater territory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The types of governments that have been part of Roman history include a Monarchy, a Republic, and an Empire. Initially, Rome was a kingdom with kings such as Romulus and the Etruscan kings like Tarquin the Proud, symbolizing a period of Monarchy. In response to monarchy's tyranny, Romans established the Republic in 509 BCE, where executive leaders, known as consuls, were elected annually. This Republic era is characterized by a Senate and assemblies such as the Centuriate Assembly, which was pivotal in creating laws. The Republic eventually transitioned into the Roman Empire, starting from the leadership of Augustus Caesar, representing a much larger territorial control than a conventional Monarchy. An oligarchy, which is a form of government where a few people have control, was not a title used to describe the Roman government systems, though there were times when the Senate or certain families exerted considerable power over Roman politics.