Final answer:
Na-F forms an ionic bond, C-O forms a covalent bond, and F-F also forms a covalent bond, with ionic bonds involving complete electron transfer and covalent bonds involving shared electrons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The types of bonds in substances depend on the nature of the elements involved and their position in the periodic table. In general:
- Na-F: This is an ionic bond. Sodium (Na) is a metal that tends to lose an electron, and fluorine (F) is a non-metal that tends to gain an electron, leading to the formation of Na+ and F- ions.
- C-O: This is a covalent bond. Carbon (C) and oxygen (O) are both non-metals and they share electrons to achieve a full outer shell.
- F-F: This is also a covalent bond because it involves two fluorine atoms sharing a pair of electrons to each acquire a stable electronic configuration.
To predict the type of bond:
- Consider the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms. Large differences are indicative of ionic bonds, while smaller differences typically indicate covalent bonds.
Differences between bond types:
- Nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing of electrons between two atoms.
- Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons because of differing electronegativities.
- Ionic bonds involve complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another.