Final answer:
Rosa Parks was a prominent figure in the civil rights movement who sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955. Her refusal to give up her seat on a bus led to a nationwide movement against racial segregation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rosa Parks was a key figure in the civil rights movement in the United States. On December 1, 1955, she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a White man in Montgomery, Alabama, leading to her arrest.
This incident prompted the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a political and social protest campaign against racial segregation on the city's public transit system. The boycott lasted for 381 days and eventually led to a Supreme Court decision declaring segregation laws on buses unconstitutional.