Final answer:
The first location is close to London, UK, and the second is near Melbourne, Australia. However, the first provided coordinate has a typo. Latitude and longitude identify locations on Earth, with latitude ranging from 0° to 90° north/south, and longitude from 0° to 180° east/west.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cities corresponding to the coordinates provided are not clearly identifiable due to a typo in the first coordinate and potential confusion in the second. However, 51° North, 0° East is close to London, United Kingdom, which is situated slightly to the east of the prime meridian at Greenwich.
The second coordinate set, 38° South, 145° East, points towards a location near Melbourne, Australia. When dealing with latitude and longitude, it is important to note that latitude represents the position north or south of the equator and ranges from 0° to 90° north or south. Longitude, on the other hand, indicates the position east or west of the prime meridian and ranges from 0° to 180°.