Question

Langston Hughes cited Walt Whitman as one of his greatest influences, and some believe that Hughes wrote, "I, Too, Sing America" in response to Whitman's "I Hear America Singing." Using textual evidence from both poems to support your answer, describe how Hughes's poem builds on Whitman's poem. Consider aspects such as structure, theme, word choice, etc., as you craft your response.

Answer 1

Langston Hughes's poem 'I, Too, Sing America' builds on the themes of Walt Whitman's 'I Hear America Singing' by including the African American experience, demanding recognition and equality in the chorus of American voices.

Step-by-step explanation:

Langston Hughes's poem "I, Too, Sing America" builds upon Walt Whitman's "I Hear America Singing" by broadening the American narrative to include the African American experience. Whitman's poem celebrates the diversity of American workers and their individual songs, implying a harmony of different voices in the nation's chorus. Hughes, on the other hand, injects a perspective that was underrepresented in Whitman's time—the African American perspective—by stating, "They send me to eat in the kitchen when company comes," symbolizing the segregation and exclusion of black Americans. However, Hughes also echoes Whitman's theme of hope and resilience with lines like, "But I laugh, and eat well, and grow strong," positing a future where he too will be recognized as an equal part of America.

Both poets employ a free verse structure, echoing the democratic ideals they advocate. While Whitman's use of the word "carols" connotes a cheer and unity among the working classes, Hughes's use of phrases like "I, Too" emphasizes inclusivity and a demand for recognition. In contrasting their experiences and hoping for a more inclusive America, Hughes's work reflects a continued pursuit of the democratic ideals that Whitman cherished—now including a demand for racial equality and representation in the American identity.