Final answer:
Adding heat to a liquid causes it to vaporize into a gas, while removing heat from a liquid causes it to freeze into a solid. The correct association is option B: Adding heat → liquid to gas; removing heat → liquid to solid.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking to match changes in heat energy with the corresponding changes in states of matter. The correct answer is B. Adding heat → liquid to gas; removing heat → liquid to solid. When we add heat to a liquid, we provide enough energy for the molecules to overcome intermolecular forces and transition into a gaseous state, in a process called vaporization. Conversely, when heat is removed from a liquid, the molecules lose energy, their movement slows down, and they come closer together to form a solid in a process known as freezing.