Final answer:
Element 23 on the periodic table is vanadium (V), and this aligns with the clues given in the question indicating the product is 23 Al, which refers to aluminum with an atomic mass of 28 and an atomic number corresponding to element 23, vanadium.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine element 23 after a nuclear reaction, you must consider the nuclear charge, which reflects the atomic number of the element. In the reaction provided, 25Mg interacts with He to produce a hydrogen ion and a new nuclide, X. The mass numbers before and after the reaction must balance. The masses given were for magnesium (25) and helium (4), which total 29. Since a hydrogen ion has a mass of 1, subtracting this from the total gives us a nuclide X with a mass number (A) of 28.
Consulting the periodic table, it is identified that the nuclear charge of +13 corresponds to aluminum (Al). Since this is a nuclear reaction and element 23 on the periodic table is vanadium (V), the product's atomic number (Z) would not match aluminum. Thus, given that element 23 is the desired answer, the nuclear charge of the new nuclide X must be +23, corresponding to vanadium, which aligns with the provided information indicating the product is 23 Al.