Final answer:
Maximilien Robespierre and the National Convention targeted and executed aristocrats and enemies of the revolution during the Reign of Terror, which included counterrevolutionaries, émigrés, former nobility, and radical Jacobins.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Reign of Terror, Maximilien Robespierre and the National Convention planned on killing aristocrats and enemies of the revolution. This period of violent repression aimed to protect and promote republican ideas by eliminating opponents. Through laws such as the Law of Suspects and the Law of 22 Prairial, the Committee of Public Safety arrested and executed numerous individuals, including counterrevolutionaries, émigrés, former nobility, and even radical Jacobin political opponents. Notable figures executed during this time were Georges Danton, a radical who disagreed with the violence, and Marie Antoinette.