Final answer:
Prisms in binoculars use total internal reflection to guide light, and can disperse white light into a spectrum of colors. Extra lenses or mirrors can help project certain images, but virtual images cannot be projected in the same way.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question pertains to the physical properties of prisms and their effect on light rays. A prism can manipulate light through processes such as reflection, refraction, and dispersion. In the context of the questions provided, prisms use total internal reflection within corner reflectors in binoculars to direct light to the observer's eyes. Furthermore, prisms can disperse white light into its component colors, as seen in the example where an incident angle of 45.0° results in a spectrum of colors resembling a rainbow. This dispersion occurs due to the differing wavelengths of light bending at different angles as they pass through the prism.
Regarding the creation and projection of images, extra lenses or mirrors could be used to project images that cannot be projected by a microscope as stated in one of the questions. Lastly, while virtual images can be seen and photographed, they cannot be projected onto a screen simply by adding additional lenses or mirrors, because they do not actually come from a definite location in space.