Final answer:
The terms are relative humidity, dew point, precipitation, climate, and ice age, which all play roles in the Earth's water cycle and climate systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The terms you are seeking are all related to meteorology and the Earth's hydrological processes:
- Relative humidity is the term for the ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the amount of water vapor needed to reach saturation at a given temperature.
- Dew point is the term for the temperature at which more condensation than evaporation occurs, leading to the formation of dew, frost, or fog.
- Precipitation is the term for any form of water that falls to Earth's surface from the clouds, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail.
- Climate represents the characteristic weather conditions in an area over a long period of time, it is not just a phenomenon of a day or an event, but a consistent pattern over years.
- An ice age is the term for a long period of climate cooling during which ice sheets spread beyond the polar regions.
Rising air currents cause water vapor to cool and condense, forming clouds. If the droplets in clouds get big enough, they fall as precipitation. Precipitation is crucial for returning water to the Earth's surface, replenishing groundwater and other water sources. Climate, which encompasses temperature and precipitation, defines the long-term weather patterns and conditions of a region.