Final answer:
The Mandate of Heaven provided moral and divine justification for rulers, encouraging good governance, while Rome's practice of deifying emperors helped consolidate power, creating an aura of divine authority and unifying the empire.
Step-by-step explanation:
One advantage of the Mandate of Heaven was that it provided a moral and divine justification for the rule of a dynasty. This concept promoted the idea that a ruler must be virtuous and just to maintain the mandate, thereby encouraging rulers to govern well and maintain the support of their people. If they failed to do so, natural disasters or social unrest were seen as signs that the mandate had been lost, providing a basis for rebellion and the rise of a new, more virtuous ruler.
An advantage of the Roman practice of deifying emperors was that it helped consolidate power by elevating the status of the emperor to that of a god. This created an aura of divine authority around the emperor, making it easier for him to command loyalty and unify the empire under his rule. Temples and rituals dedicated to the deified emperors reinforced the imperial cult and the emperor’s position at the head of the state religion.