Final answer:
Water has a unique combination of physical and chemical properties due to its polar molecular structure and capability for hydrogen bonding, including a high heat capacity, surface tension, and a boiling point of 100°C at standard atmospheric pressure. Its neutrality in pH and solvent abilities are essential for biological functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Water has both physical and chemical properties that make it essential for life. Its molecular structure, consisting of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, leads to its polarity and ability for hydrogen bonding. Water's hydrogen bonds are responsible for its high heat capacity and surface tension. Water molecules have a high heat of vaporization which is crucial for cooling mechanisms in organisms, such as sweating.
Water as a liquid has a boiling point of 100 degrees Celsius at standard atmospheric pressure, which is relatively high for such a small molecule. Its specific heat capacity enables it to maintain constant temperatures within living organisms despite environmental fluctuations. Additionally, the pH of water is neutral, standing at a value of 7, making it neither an acid nor a base. Water's polarity allows it to dissolve many substances, earning it the title of 'universal solvent'.