Final answer:
Simple machines like inclined planes and wedges multiply force, levers amplify force and the wheel and axle system transform and increase force. Pulleys multiply distance and alter the direction of force to facilitate lifting. Each machine offers mechanical advantage by manipulating force and distance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Matching Simple Machines with Their Function
Simple machines make work easier by altering force and distance. The inclined plane and wedge are machines that multiply the force applied, making it easier to split or lift objects by applying the force over a larger distance. The screw, a variation of the inclined plane, exerts a large force over a small distance and can also be used to hold objects together. The lever, including tools like seesaws and crowbars, multiplies the force applied at one end by using a fulcrum to increase the distance at which the force is applied, resulting in a larger output force at the other end. The wheel and axle simplifies work by multiplying the force applied; turning the wheel translates into a greater force at the axle, reducing the effort needed for tasks like moving heavy loads. Lastly, the pulley system can multiply the distance and change the direction of the force applied, helpful for lifting heavy objects vertically by exerting the force horizontally.
- Inclined plane: Multiply the force
- Screw: Multiply the force (and sometimes change direction)
- Wedge: Multiply the force
- Lever: Multiply the force
- Wheel and Axle: Multiply the force
- Pulley: Multiply the distance and change direction