Final answer:
A pendulum clock runs slower in the summer due to expansion from heat and faster in winter due to contraction from the cold. If gravity increases, the pendulum length must be shortened to keep correct time. Energy in a pendulum varies between potential and kinetic throughout its swing.
Step-by-step explanation:
A pendulum clock measures time through the motion of a pendulum. In varying temperatures, the length of the pendulum in the clock changes; materials expand when heated and contract when cooled. During the summer, when it is hot, the pendulum lengthens, causing the clock to run slower, as a longer pendulum has a longer period. Conversely, in the winter, the pendulum shortens, and the clock runs faster, since a shorter pendulum swings with a shorter period.
If you move to a city where the acceleration due to gravity is greater, you would need to shorten the pendulum to maintain the correct time. This is because the period of a simple pendulum is directly proportional to the square root of its length and inversely proportional to the square root of the acceleration due to gravity. Hence, with a stronger gravity, the pendulum must be made shorter to keep the same time period.
When discussing the energy types associated with a swinging pendulum at different times: i. At the highest point in the swing (completion of one cycle), the pendulum has maximum potential energy and least kinetic energy. ii. In the middle of the swing, it has a mix of potential and kinetic energy. iii. Just before reaching the end of the swing (another point of maximum height), it has maximum potential and minimal kinetic energy.