Final answer:
Side-dressing is the spreading method used for applying fertilizer 8 inches from the seed when planting to provide accessible nutrients without damaging the roots.
Step-by-step explanation:
The spreading method you would use to put fertilizer 8 inches away from the seed when planting is side-dressing. Side-dressing is the application of fertilizer in a narrow band somewhat away from the plant's root zone. This method reduces damage to the young roots and provides nutrients that can be easily accessed as the plants grow.
When considering the tissues that should be the target of the fertilizer to effectively measure its effect on the growth of lawns, you would focus on the dermal and vascular tissues as they are involved in nutrient uptake and transport.
It’s also important to understand that seeds are an agent of dispersal and can widen the geographic range of a species through the process of seed dispersal.