Final answer:
a) Quotas on certain nationalities.
The 43rd Congress placed limits on immigration by setting quotas based on national origins, severely reducing immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe and entirely barring immigrants from Asia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The 43rd Congress implemented immigration restrictions through several pieces of legislation, including the Emergency Immigration Act of 1921 and the National Origins Act of 1924. These laws introduced quotas based on national origin and effectively limited immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe and Asia.
The Emergency Immigration Act of 1921 set annual limits on European immigration, restricting numbers to 3 percent of the residents from the same country counted in the 1910 census. The National Origins Act of 1924 went further, reducing this level to 2 percent based on the 1890 census. This significantly reduced immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. The laws also barred immigration from Asia, following previous legislation like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Gentleman's Agreement of 1907, targeting Japanese immigrants.
In conclusion, the correct answer to the student's question, "What limits does the 43rd Congress document place on immigration?" is (d) No immigrants from Asia, along with quotas on certain nationalities.