Final answer:
Ionic bonding occurs between sodium and chlorine, covalent bonding occurs between oxygen and nitrogen, nonpolar covalent bonding occurs between hydrogen and hydrogen, and metallic bonding occurs between magnesium and calcium.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ionic bonding occurs when a metal and a non-metal interact, resulting in the transfer of electrons from the metal to the non-metal. Sodium and Chlorine will form an ionic bond because sodium is a metal and chlorine is a non-metal.
Covalent bonding occurs when two non-metals share electrons. Oxygen and Nitrogen will form a covalent bond because both elements are non-metals.
Hydrogen and Hydrogen will form a nonpolar covalent bond because both hydrogen atoms have the same electronegativity.
Metallic bonding occurs when metal atoms form a lattice structure by sharing their valence electrons. Magnesium and Calcium will form a metallic bond because both are metals.