Final answer:
The Industrial Revolution began in Western Europe, particularly in England, due to factors such as access to coal, a supportive political and cultural climate, and surplus workforce. Other parts of the world lacked these factors, causing industrialization to occur at different times.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Industrial Revolution began in Western Europe, specifically in England, for several reasons. One major factor was access to coal, which was crucial for powering the new machinery of the revolution. Additionally, Western Europe had a favorable political and cultural climate that supported industrial growth, with beliefs in free trade and access to reliable banking institutions. Furthermore, improvements in agriculture and an increase in population provided a surplus workforce available for factory work.
The Industrial Revolution did not begin in other parts of the world at the same time because they lacked these key factors. The availability of coal and other natural resources, along with a supportive economic and political environment, were necessary for the revolution to take place. Other regions, like northern Italy and western Russia, only experienced industrialization in the late 19th century, while some countries, like Spain, missed out entirely until the 20th century.