Final answer:
Genghis Khan can be seen both as a unifier, through the establishment of the Pax Mongolica and promoting trade and cultural exchange, and as a brutal conqueror, given the vast destruction and deaths caused by his military campaigns. However, his legacy also includes notable contributions to the globalized world's foundations.
Step-by-step explanation:
When evaluating whether Genghis Khan was a vicious barbarian or a unifier who contributed to the foundation of the modern world, it is important to consider both aspects of his legacy. Genghis Khan is often viewed through the lens of his military conquests, which were marked by significant brutality and the massacre of civilians.
However, he also implemented policies that facilitated trade and communication across Eurasia and initiated diplomatic relations between diverse cultures, laying groundwork for the modern globalized world.
Two reasons that support the view of Genghis Khan as a unifier include his establishment of the Pax Mongolica, which ensured safe passage for trade caravans, travelers, and missionaries across the vast Mongol Empire. This period of peace significantly bolstered trade and cultural exchanges. Furthermore, Genghis Khan's meritocratic policies and religious tolerance helped to integrate the diverse populations within his empire, fostering stability and unity.
On the other hand, his campaigns were undeniably fierce and caused widespread destruction, leading to the death of millions. Genghis Khan's approach to warfare, which embraced speed and surprise tactics, often resulted in the sacking of cities and the displacement of populations. Therefore, while acknowledging his contributions to the development of the modern world, it is impossible to overlook the sheer scale of violence associated with his reign.