Final answer:
The backbone, or vertebral column, in vertebrates, is designed to protect the spinal cord, support the head, allow for limb attachment, and facilitate locomotion, playing a crucial role in the structural integrity of the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
The backbone in a vertebrate, also known as the vertebral column or spine, serves primarily to protect the spinal cord, which is part of the central nervous system. The backbone consists of multiple vertebrae that are supported by intervertebral discs, providing the dual functions of support and protection. It forms the core of the endoskeleton and maintains the shape of the organism, while also allowing for movement.
In addition to its protective role, the vertebral column also supports the head, attaches the upper limbs to the axial skeleton, and aids in locomotion. It is a critical component of the axial skeleton, which further includes the thoracic cage that protects vital organs such as the heart and lungs. Together, these bones provide structural integrity and protection for essential internal structures.