Final answer:
The electoral vote allocation process where the majority winner in a state takes all the electoral votes, as used by most US states, is known as winner-take-all. Maine and Nebraska use the congressional district method, dividing their electoral votes based on individual district outcomes and state-wide winners.
Step-by-step explanation:
The electoral voting process whereby all electoral votes of a state (except Maine and Nebraska) are given to the candidate with the majority of the votes could be identified using the term 'congressional delegation.' For most states, this is a 'winner-take-all' system. However, in Maine and Nebraska, a 'congressional district method' is used. They allocate two electoral votes to the state-wide winner, and the remaining are distributed based on the winner in each congressional district.
On Election Day, the total number of a state's electoral votes is equal to its Senators and House of Representative members. Campaigns track polling data closely to strategize which states to focus on based on the likelihood of winning the statewide electoral votes.
While potential solutions for reform, such as the National Popular Vote movement or proportional allocation, have been proposed, the current system remains in place, with the winner-take-all method used by most states often playing a critical role in Presidential elections.