Final answer:
The example that illustrates overproduction of offspring, a condition of natural selection, is 'D) Oysters laying many eggs with few surviving to reproduce.' Other mechanisms of natural selection include variation of traits and the selection of favorable traits for survival and reproduction.
Step-by-step explanation:
Within the context of natural selection, the example that can be classified as overproduction of offspring is 'D) Oysters can lay 60 to 80 million eggs at a time, but only a few survive to reproduce.' This is because natural selection conditions include the principle that more offspring are produced than can survive, and this example clearly illustrates this concept as most oyster larvae do not reach maturity. This process creates a scenario where there is survival of the fittest, as only those offspring that can navigate the challenges of their environment will survive and potentially pass on their genetic information.
Other mechanisms of natural selection, as detailed in the examples provided, include the idea of variation of traits among individuals, competition for limited resources, and the natural selection of individuals with favorable traits, such as better running speed or immunity to diseases, which may give them an advantage in survival and reproduction. However, these do not specifically illustrate overproduction.