Final answer:
John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were key Enlightenment thinkers whose political philosophies influenced revolutionary ideas about individual rights, consent of the governed, and the nature of government.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Enlightenment period was a time of significant development in political theory, and two of the most influential figures were John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. John Locke's ideas emphasized the protection of individual rights and the concept of government authority deriving from the consent of the governed. His theory that individuals possess natural rights to "Life, Liberty, and Property" significantly influenced foundational documents such as the United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. On the other hand, Jean-Jacques Rousseau's philosophy asserted that while man is born free, society often imprisons individuals through oppressive governments. Rousseau advocated for a direct democracy in line with the general will of the people, resembling practices from ancient Greece. These Enlightenment thinkers played pivotal roles in shaping revolutionary ideas about governance and societal structure.