Question

Match the following words (a, b, c, d) to their respective definitions (1,2,3,4):

a. mitosis
b. meiosis
c. homologous chromosomes
d. cell cycle

1. The life cycle of a cell
2. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure
3. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells.
4. A process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes.

Answer 1

Mitosis matches definition 4, meiosis matches definition 3, homologous chromosomes matches definition 2, and cell cycle matches definition 1. These biological processes and structures play critical roles in sexual reproduction and cellular function.

Step-by-step explanation:

The process of matching the terms (a, b, c, d) to their respective definitions (1,2,3,4) goes as follows:

1. a. mitosis matches with 4. A process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes.
2. b. meiosis matches with 3. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells.
3. c. homologous chromosomes matches with 2. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure.
4. d. cell cycle matches with 1. The life cycle of a cell.

Mitosis and meiosis are key processes in sexual reproduction, with mitosis contributing to growth and repair by producing identical daughter cells, and meiosis generating genetically diverse haploid cells. Homologous chromosomes are essential for pairing and genetic recombination during meiosis. The cell cycle encompasses interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis, ensuring cells are carefully replicated and divided.