Final answer:
Contour feathers are the type of feathers that cover a bird's entire body, providing it with its shape and color, while also assisting in flight by creating an aerodynamic surface.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of feather that covers the bird’s whole body and gives it shape and color is the contour feather. Contour feathers are equipped with barbs branching from a central shaft and barbules that interlock via minute hooks. This intricate structure creates a strong, flexible surface that defines the bird's silhouette and is largely responsible for its external coloring and patterning. Unlike down feathers that are specifically designed for insulation with their loose interlocking structure, contour feathers create an aerodynamic surface, assisting in flight while providing a streamlined appearance and protecting the bird from the elements.